Hypoxia and TGF-β Drive Breast Cancer Bone Metastases through Parallel Signaling Pathways in Tumor Cells and the Bone Microenvironment

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Summary

Hypoxia and TGF-β signaling in parallel drive tumor bone metastases and regulate a common set of tumor genes, and small molecule inhibitors, by acting on both tumor cells and the bone microenvironment, additively decrease tumor burden, while improving skeletal quality.

Type
article
Published
2009-09-03
Cited by
219
References
114
Access
Open access

Keywords

Hypoxia (environmental), Tumor microenvironment, Cancer research, Signal transduction, Breast cancer

References

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