The Color of Discipline: Sources of Racial and Gender Disproportionality in School Punishment

Keywords

Socioeconomic status, Race (biology), Discipline, Psychology, Social psychology

References

• Facing the Consequences: An Examination of Racial Discrimination in U.S. Public Schools.Rebecca Gordon, Libero Della Piana, Terry Keleher — 2000
• Suspension/Expulsion of Regular and Special Education Students in Kansas: A Report to the Kansas State Board of Education.Sid Cooley — 1995
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• Disproportionate Minority Representation in General and Special Education: Patterns, Issues, and Alternatives.Daniel J. Reschly — 1997
• Synthesizing Research: A Guide for Literature ReviewsHarris Cooper — 1998
• Office referrals and suspension: Disciplinary intervention in middle schools.Russell J. Skiba, Reece L. Peterson, Tara Williams — 1997
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• Are Our Future Teachers Prepared for the Stress That Lies AheadScott E. Calhoun — 1986
• Social Class Distinctions in Adolescents' Reports of Problems and Punishment in SchoolEllen Brantlinger — 1991
• (Li)Ability Grouping: The New Susceptibility of School Tracking Systems to Legal Challenges.Kevin G. Welner, Jeannie Oakes — 1996
• Race and Gender Bias in the Administration of Corporal Punishment.Steven R. Shaw, Jeffery P. Braden — 1990
• The Crime of Punishment: Racial and Gender Disparities in the Use of Corporal Punishment in U.S. Public SchoolsJames F. Gregory — 1995
• Bully/victim problems among middle school children.Michael J. Boulton, Kerry Underwood — 1992
• Transforming Public Schools: An Integrated Strategy for Improving Student Academic Performance Through Districtwide Resource Equity, Leadership Accountability, and Program EfficiencyOliver S. Brown, Robert S. Peterkin — 1999
• American Apartheid: Race and the Politics of School Finance on Long Island, NYAlan J. Singer — 1999
• Economic deprivation and early childhood development.Gregory Duncan, Jeanne Brooks‐Gunn, Pamela Kato Klebanov — 1994
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• The reproduction of inequity: The content of secondary school trackingJeannie Oakes — 1982

Cited by

• Effects of a Culturally Responsive Teaching Project on Teachers and Students in Selected Kanawha County, WV, Schools.Georgia K. Hughes, Kimberly S. Cowley, Lisa D. Copley — 2004
• The Problem of the Penumbra: Elementary School Principals' Exercise of Discretion in Student Disciplinary IssuesNora M. Findlay — 2012
• Which Student Characteristics Correlate with Discipline Referrals? A Case Study of a Diverse, High-Poverty Rural School District in the SouthJeannie Baltimore Monson — 2014
• Enhancing Cultural Competence among Teachers of African American Children Using Mediated Lesson StudyCirecie West‐Olatunji, Linda S. Behar‐Horenstein, Jeffrey Rant — 2008
• Culturally Responsive Schoolwide Positive behavior Support: A Case Study in One School With a High Proportion of Native American StudentsCathy R. Jones, Liz Caravaca, Susan Cizek — 2006
• Disciplinary Practices in the Elementary School SettingAlicia MacNabb — 2013
• Exploring Novice Urban Elementary School Principals' Socialization into the 21st Century PrincipalshipMichelle Walczak-Corsi — 2010
• Participatory Action Research (PAR) in Middle School: Opportunities, Constraints, and Key ProcessesC. C. Curtis, K. C. Hsieh, C. Y. Fan — 2010
• The Role of School Psychologists In Meeting the Mental Health Needs of Children and YouthMichael Hass — 2013
• Temporal Distance and DiscriminationЯ.В. Невмержицкая — 2012
• Changes in Exclusionary Discipline Rates and Disciplinary Disproportionality over Time.Amity Noltemeyer, Caven S. Mcloughlin — 2010
• Twenty-first Century ExclusionValarie Ann Torrence — 2014
• Educational Inequality in an Affluent Setting: An Exploration of Resources and Opportunity.Ronald L. Lewis — 2008
• Latino educational opportunity in discourse and policy: A critical and policy discourse analysis of the White House Initiative on Educational Excellence for HispanicsSusana H. Hernández — 2013
• Best Practices for Successful In School Suspension ProgramsMorgan DiMino — 2013
• The Relationship Between African American Students' Self-Beliefs and Beliefs about Teachers and Academic Outcomes and Disciplinary ReferralsJames M. Thompson — 2008
• The Influence of Multicultural Educational Practices on Student Outcomes and Intergroup RelationsSabrina Zirkel — 2008
• Creating Culturally Responsive Schools.Barbara Bazron, David Osher, Steve Fleischman — 2005
• Disproportionality of African American students in special education: The influence of aversive racism on referralsChris Elizabeth Martin — 2014
• Understanding Disproportionate Suspensions of Minority Students and Students with Disabilities: A Multilevel ApproachMichael P. Krezmien — 2007

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