Hallmarks of aging: An expanding universe.

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Summary

This work proposes the following twelve hallmarks of aging: genomic instability, telomere attrition, epigenetic alterations, loss of proteostasis, disabled macroautophagy, deregulated nutrient-sensing, mitochondrial dysfunction, cellular senescence, stem cell exhaustion, altered intercellular communication, chronic inflammation, and dysbiosis.

Type
review
Published
2022-12-26
Cited by
5,317
References
298

Keywords

Biology, Proteostasis, Telomere, Epigenetics, Genome instability

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