Sex steroids and the construction and conservation of the adult skeleton.
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Summary
A new unitary model for the pathophysiology of involutional osteoporosis is reviewed and extended that identifies estrogen (E) as the key hormone for maintaining bone mass and E deficiency as the major cause of age-related bone loss in both sexes.
- Type
- review
- Published
- 2002-06-01
- Cited by
- 1,869
- References
- 236
- Access
- Open access
- OpenAlex
- https://openalex.org/W2160287478
- Semantic Scholar
- https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:28160750
Keywords
Endocrinology, Internal medicine, Cancellous bone, Osteoporosis, Peak bone mass
References
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- LONG-TERM PREVENTION OF POSTMENOPAUSAL OSTEOPOROSIS BY ŒSTROGEN
- Intestinal calcium absorption and serum vitamin D metabolites in normal subjects and osteoporotic patients: effect of age and dietary calcium.
- Female Estrogen Receptor β−/− Mice Are Partially Protected Against Age‐Related Trabecular Bone Loss
- Association of Hypogonadism and Estradiol Levels with Bone Mineral Density in Elderly Men from the Framingham Study
- Histologic parathyroid abnormalities in an autopsy series.
- Perspective: Postmenopausal Osteoporosis as a Failure of Bone's Adaptation to Functional Loading: A Hypothesis *
- Longitudinal monitoring of bone mass accumulation in healthy adolescents: evidence for a marked reduction after 16 years of age at the levels of lumbar spine and femoral neck in female subjects.
- Estradiol effects on proliferation, messenger ribonucleic acid for collagen and insulin-like growth factor-I, and parathyroid hormone-stimulated adenylate cyclase activity in osteoblastic cells from calvariae and long bones.
- Changes in vertebral bone density in black girls and white girls during childhood and puberty.
- Deletion of estrogen receptors reveals a regulatory role for estrogen receptors-beta in bone remodeling in females but not in males.
- Endogenous Sex Steroids and Bone Mineral Density in Older Women and Men: The Rancho Bernardo Study
- Mouse estrogen receptor beta forms estrogen response element-binding heterodimers with estrogen receptor alpha.
- Evidence for estrogen receptor-linked calcium transport in the intestine.
Cited by
- Molecular and cellular biology of new bone formation: insights into the ankylosis of ankylosing spondylitis
- Histomorphometry of the Human Rib Cortex in Methamphetamine Users
- Idiopathic or Hypogonadal Osteoporosis in Men
- Role of cytokines in postmenopausal bone loss
- FSH directly regulates bone mass.
- Downregulation of beta-catenin and transdifferentiation of human osteoblasts to adipocytes under estrogen deficiency
- Regulation of osteogenic differentiation during skeletal development.
- Biochemical and computational insights into the anti-aromatase activity of natural catechol estrogens.
- Minireview: osteoprotective action of estrogens is mediated by osteoclastic estrogen receptor-alpha.
- Oral Contraceptive Use and Bone
- Genetic Studies of Bone Diseases: Evidence for Involvement of DNA Damage Response Proteins in Bone Remodeling
- Ormeloxifene inhibits osteoclast differentiation in parallel to downregulating RANKL-induced ROS generation and suppressing the activation of ERK and JNK in murine RAW264.7 cells.
- Effects of salubrinal on development of osteoclasts and osteoblasts from bone marrow-derived cells
- Growth and Aging of Proximal Femoral Bone: A Study With Women Spanning Three Generations
- Bone cell mechanosensitivity, estrogen deficiency, and osteoporosis.
- Role of human hydroxysteroid (17beta) dehydrogenase type 1 (HSD17B1) in steroid-dependent diseases in females –novel indications for HSD17B1 inhibitors. Phenotypic analysis of transgenic mice overexpressing human HSD17B1.
- Ostéoporose cortisonique et autres ostéoporoses secondaires
- Targeting osteoporosis and rheumatoid arthritis by active vaccination against RANKL.
- Serum sclerostin levels associated with lumbar spine bone mineral density and bone turnover markers in patients with postmenopausal osteoporosis
- An osteometric evaluation of age and sex differences in the long bones of South African children from the Western Cape
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