Cost of innovation in the pharmaceutical industry.

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Summary

The research and development costs of 93 randomly selected new chemical entities (NCEs) were obtained from a survey of 12 U.S.-owned pharmaceutical firms and used to estimate the pre-tax average cost of new drug development.

Type
article
Published
1991-07-01
Cited by
712
References
34
Access
Open access

Keywords

Business, Pharmaceutical industry, Point (geometry), Operations management, Marketing

References

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