Cost of innovation in the pharmaceutical industry.
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Summary
The research and development costs of 93 randomly selected new chemical entities (NCEs) were obtained from a survey of 12 U.S.-owned pharmaceutical firms and used to estimate the pre-tax average cost of new drug development.
- Type
- article
- Published
- 1991-07-01
- Cited by
- 712
- References
- 34
- Access
- Open access
- OpenAlex
- https://openalex.org/W2162740029
- Semantic Scholar
- https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:14128428
Keywords
Business, Pharmaceutical industry, Point (geometry), Operations management, Marketing
References
- The Competitive Status of the U.S. Pharmaceutical Industry: The Influences of Technology in Determining International Industrial Competitive Advantage
- Conditional logit analysis of qualitative choice behavior
- Success rates in the United States drug development system
- A closer look at the returns and risk of pharmaceutical R&D.
- Research and Development Costs and Returns: The U.S. Pharmaceutical Industry
- Development Cost: Determinants and Overruns
- A sensitivity analysis of expected profitability of pharmaceutical research and development
- New drug development in the United States, 1963 through 1984
- Price indexes for R and D inputs 1969-1983
- Estimating the Effects of Regulation on Innovation: An International Comparative Analysis of the Pharmaceutical Industry
- The Economics of Drug Innovation
- A New Look at the Returns and Risks to Pharmaceutical R&D
- Impact of Regulations on Industrial R&D : FDA Regulations and Their Influence on Future R&D : R&D Management
- NEW DRUG DEVELOPMENT IN THE UNITED STATES — THE FACTS AND FIGURES
- Innovation and International Competitiveness in Pharmaceuticals
- QUALITATIVE RESPONSE MODELS: A SURVEY
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- Opportunities for Web-based Drug Repositioning: Searching for Potential Antihypertensive Agents with Hypotension Adverse Events
- Valuation of medicinal plants for pharmaceutical uses
- Assessing the FDA Via the Anomaly of Off-Label Prescribing
- Technology Trends in Drug Discovery and Development: Implications for the Development of the Pharmaceutical Industry in Australia
- Candidate cancer-targeting agents identified by expression-profiling arrays
- Knowledge accumulation and vaccine innovation: lessons from polio and HIV/AIDS
- Which form of venture capital is most supportive of innovation? Evidence from European biotechnology companies
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- Valuation of a Biotechnology Firm: An application of real-options methodologies
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