Housekeeping genes as internal standards: use and limits.
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Summary
It is recalled that the commonly used internal standards can quantitatively vary in response to various factors and possible variations are illustrated using three experimental examples.
- Type
- article
- Published
- 1999-10-08
- Cited by
- 1,634
- References
- 23
- Access
- Open access
- OpenAlex
- https://openalex.org/W2025492442
- Semantic Scholar
- https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:4161524
Keywords
Housekeeping gene, Reference genes, Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase, Housekeeping, Biology
References
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- Cytokine gene expression in the MRL/lpr model of lupus nephritis.
- Variation in expression of genes used for normalization of Northern blots after induction of cell proliferation
- Differential Expression of Serotonin 5-HT2 Receptors during Rat Embryogenesis
- Leukemia inhibitory factor ameliorates experimental anti-GBM Ab glomerulonephritis.
- Regulation of hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase and beta-actin mRNA expression in porcine immune cells and tissues.
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- Age-related changes in cardiac adenosine receptor expression.
- Transcriptional profiling of tissue plasticity: role of shifts in gene expression and technical limitations.
- Kinetics quality assessment for relative quantification by real-time PCR.
- High expression levels of receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B ligand associated with human chronic periodontitis are mainly secreted by CD4+ T lymphocytes.
- Development and validation of endogenous reference genes for expression profiling of medaka (Oryzias latipes) exposed to endocrine disrupting chemicals by quantitative real-time RT-PCR.
- Identification of normalization factors for quantitative real-time RT-PCR analysis of gene expression in Pacific abalone Haliotis discus hannai
- Expression profiling of archival renal tumors by quantitative PCR to validate prognostic markers.
- 3D chitosan–gelatin–chondroitin porous scaffold improves osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells
- Selection of reference genes for gene expression studies in astrocytomas.
- Evaluation of endogenous references for gene expression profiling in different tissues of the oriental fruit fly Bactrocera dorsalis (Diptera: Tephritidae)
- Reference Genes for the Normalization of Gene Expression in Eucalyptus Species
- Profiling of RNA Degradation for Estimation of Post Morterm Interval
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- Evaluation and Validation of Reference Genes for Normalization of Quantitative Real-Time PCR Based Gene Expression Studies in Peanut
- Selection of Reference Genes for Expression Analysis in Diuraphis noxia (Hemiptera: Aphididae) Fed on Resistant and Susceptible Wheat Plants
- Evaluation and selection of reference genes for ecotoxicogenomic study of the green alga Closterium ehrenbergii using quantitative real-time PCR
- Selection of reference genes for expression analysis in the entomophthoralean fungus Pandora neoaphidis
- Evaluation of Sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.)] Reference Genes in Various Tissues and under Abiotic Stress Conditions for Quantitative Real-Time PCR Data Normalization
- Using RNA-seq data to select reference genes for normalizing gene expression in apple roots
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