Appraisals, rather than unpleasantness or muscle movements, are the primary determinants of specific emotions.

Keywords

Anger, Appraisal theory, Psychology, Cognitive appraisal, Action (physics)

References

• Human Learned Helplessness: A Coping PerspectiveMario Mikulincer — 1994
• Does stress cause psychiatric illnessCarolyn M. Mazure — 1995
• Origins of the infant's social responsivenessEvelyn B. Thoman — 1979
• Appraisal processes in emotion: Theory, methods, research.Klaus R. Scherer, Angela Schorr, Tom Johnstone — 2001
• Criteria for emotion-antecedent appraisal: A review.Klaus R. Scherer — 1988
• Infants' emotion expressions to acute pain: Developmental change and stability of individual differences.Carroll E. Izard, Elizabeth A. Hembree, Robin R. Huebner — 1987
• Four systems for emotion activation: cognitive and noncognitive processes.Carroll E. Izard — 1993
• The role of facial response in the experience of emotion.Roger Tourangeau, Phoebe C. Ellsworth — 1979
• Individual differences in aggressive responses to attack: Internal-external locus of control and field dependence-independenceH. A. Dengerink, Michael O’Leary, Kenneth H. Kasner — 1975
• Patterns of appraisal and emotion related to taking an exam.Craig A. Smith, Phoebe C. Ellsworth — 1987
• The Meaning of Observed Violence: Real vs. Fictional Violence and Consequent Effects on Aggression and Emotional Arousal.Russell G. Geen — 1975
• Face preference at birth.Eloisa Valenza, Francesca Simion, Viola Macchi Cassia — 1996
• Pity, Anger, and GuiltBernard Weiner, Sandra Graham, Carla C. Chandler — 1982
• Facial feedback hypotheses: Evidence, implications, and directionsDaniel N. McIntosh — 1996
• Appraisal determinants of discrete emotions.Ira J. Roseman — 1991
• Studies on anger and aggression. Implications for theories of emotion.James R. Averill — 1983
• Anger, coping, and frontal cortical activity: The effect of coping potential on anger-induced left frontal activityEddie Harmon‐Jones, Jonathan Sigelman, Amanda Bohlig — 2003
• Motivational properties of frustration. I. Effect on a running response of the addition of frustration to the motivational complex.Abram Amsel, Jacqueline Roussel — 1952
• Violation of Expectancy, Loss of Control, and Anger Expressions in Young Infants.Michael Lewis, Steven M. Alessandri, Margaret Wolan Sullivan — 1990
• Appraisal Determinants of Emotions: Constructing a More Accurate and Comprehensive TheoryIra J. Roseman — 1996

Cited by

• Anger and Punishment: Natural History and Normative SignificanceIsaac Wiegman — 2014
• Le rôle des émotions dans la menace du stéréotype : comment les émotions sont-elles impliquées dans l’impact des mauvaises réputations sur la performance des individus stigmatisés ?Cindy Chateignier — 2011
• Different Timing Features in Brain Processing of Core and Moral Disgust Pictures: An Event-Related Potentials StudyXiangyi Zhang, Qi Guo, Youxue Zhang — 2015
• Sacred violations, perceptions of injustice, and anger in MuslimsAllan Brown, Alexis D. Abernethy, Richard L. Gorsuch — 2010
• COLLECTIVE GUILT FOR HARMING FUTURE INGROUP MEMBERS: THE CASE OF AMERICAN IDENTITY AND GLOBAL WARMINGMark A. Ferguson — 2008
• Emotion in online distance language learning : learners' appraisal of regret and pride in synchronous audiographic conferencingBeatriz de los Arcos — 2010
• Emotion Regulation and StressManjie Wang, Kimberly J. Saudino — 2011
• Emotions and appraisals: can you have one without the other?Matthias Siemer, Rainer Reisenzein — 2007
• A particle model of crowd behavior: Exploring the relationship between alcohol, crowd dynamics and violenceSimon Moore, Mario Flajšlik, Paul L. Rosin — 2008
• Putting appraisal in context: Toward a relational model of appraisal and emotionCraig A. Smith, Leslie D. Kirby — 2009
• Same situation--different emotions: how appraisals shape our emotions.Matthias Siemer, Iris B. Mauss, James J. Gross — 2007
• Emotion and Strategic Learning in WarThomas M. Dolan — 2014
• Influence of Interparental Violence on Children's Attributions of Violent and Peaceful Emotions in Conflict ScenariosBonnie Ballif-Spanvill, Claudia J. Clayton, Rebecca Nichols — 2008
• Reconstructing the Past: A Century of Ideas About Emotion in PsychologyMaria Gendron, Lisa Feldman Barrett — 2009
• Beyond Emotion RegulationCarroll E. Izard, Kevin D. Stark, Christopher J. Trentacosta — 2008
• The relationship between anger and painEphrem Fernández — 2005
• The Impact of Attributional Processes on Triggered Displaced AggressionWilliam C. Pedersen — 2006
• Core disgust and moral disgust are related to distinct spatiotemporal patterns of neural processing: an event-related potential study.Yu Luo, Weilin Shen, Yu Zhang — 2013
• Coherence explored between emotion components: evidence from event-related potentials and facial electromyography.Kornelia Gentsch, Didier Grandjean, Klaus R. Scherer — 2014
• Basic Emotions, Natural Kinds, Emotion Schemas, and a New ParadigmCarroll E. Izard — 2007

Related papers

• Cultural Differences and Cross-Cultural Similarities in Appraisals and Emotional ResponsesIra J. Roseman, Nisha Dhawan, S. Ilsa Rettek — 1995
• What does it mean to be angry at yourself? Categories, appraisals, and the problem of language.Phoebe C. Ellsworth, Eddie M. W. Tong — 2006
• Can implicit appraisal concepts produce emotion-specific effects? A focus on unfairness and anger.Eddie M. W. Tong, Deborah Tan, Yan Tan — 2013
• Anger and social appraisal: a "spicy" sex difference?Catharine Evers, Agneta H. Fischer, Patricia M. Rodriguez Mosquera — 2005
• Effect of disruptive customer behaviors on others' overall service experience: An appraisal theory perspectiveRuiying Cai, Lu Lu, Doğan Gürsoy — 2018
• Voice vs. silence: the role of cognitive appraisal of and emotional response to stressorsPhoebe Haemin Pahng, Sung Mo Kang — 2023
• Appraisal-emotion relationships in daily life.John B. Nezlek, Kristof Vansteelandt, Iven Van Mechelen — 2008
• Appraisal as a pervasive determinant of anger.Craig A. Smith, Leslie D. Kirby — 2004
• The sufficiency and necessity of appraisals for negative emotionsEddie M. W. Tong — 2010