The Safety of Citrus aurantium (Bitter Orange) and its Primary Protoalkaloid p‐Synephrine
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Summary
The data indicate that based on current knowledge, the use of bitter orange extract and p‐synephrine appears to be exceedingly safe with no serious adverse effects being directly attributable to these ingredients.
- Type
- review
- Published
- 2011-10-01
- Cited by
- 129
- References
- 95
- OpenAlex
- https://openalex.org/W1905192943
- Semantic Scholar
- https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:32789083
Keywords
Orange (colour), Traditional medicine, Rutaceae, Medicine, Food science
References
- STEMI in a 24-year-old man after use of a synephrine-containing dietary supplement: a case report and review of the literature.
- Ephedrine, xanthines and prostaglandin-inhibitors: actions and interactions in the stimulation of thermogenesis.
- Citrus aurantium as a thermogenic, weight-reduction replacement for ephedra: an overview.
- Determination of synephrine in bitter orange raw materials, extracts, and dietary supplements by liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection: single-laboratory validation.
- Simultaneous quantification of adrenergic amines and flavonoids in C. aurantium, various Citrus species, and dietary supplements by liquid chromatography.
- Hemodynamic effects of synephrine treatment in portal hypertensive rats.
- The cardiovascular effects of methylxanthines.
- Citrus aurantium, an Ingredient of Dietary Supplements Marketed for Weight Loss: Current Status of Clinical and Basic Research
- A case of severe exercise-induced rhabdomyolysis associated with a weight-loss dietary supplement.
- Vasospasm and stroke attributable to ephedra-free xenadrine: case report.
- DNA microarray analysis of white adipose tissue from obese (fa/fa) Zucker rats treated with a beta3-adrenoceptor agonist, KTO-7924.
- synephrine, a component of Evodiae Fructus, constricts isolated rat aorta via adrenergic and serotonergic receptors.
- Concentrations of p-synephrine in fruits and leaves of Citrus species (Rutaceae) and the acute toxicity testing of Citrus aurantium extract and p-synephrine.
- Fructus aurantii reduced portal pressure in portal hypertensive rats.
- Synephrine: from trace concentrations to massive consumption in weight-loss.
- Determination of adrenergic agonists from extracts and herbal products of Citrus aurantium L. var. amara by LC.
- Identification of potent agonists acting at an endogenous atypical beta3-adrenoceptor state that modulate lipolysis in rodent fat cells.
- Antiobesity and cardiovascular toxic effects of Citrus aurantium extracts in the rat: a preliminary report
- Development and validation of a GC/IT-MS method for simultaneous quantitation of para and meta-synephrine in biological samples.
- Structural isomerization of synephrine influences its uptake and ensuing glutathione depletion in rat-isolated cardiomyocytes
Cited by
- Cardiovascular Toxicity of Citrus aurantium in Exercised Rats
- Efek Air Perasan Buah Jeruk Nipis (Citrus aurantifolia (Christm & Panz) Swingle) Terhadap Peningkatan Fungsi Kognitif Pada Perempuan Dewasa
- In vivo antioxidant potential of passion fruit (Passiflora Edulis) peel= : Potencial antioxidante in vivo da casca do maracujá (Passiflora Edulis)
- p-Synephrine Suppresses Glucose Production but Not Lipid Accumulation in H4IIE Liver Cells
- Nutraceuticals and regulation of adipocyte life: Premises or promises
- Phytochemical analysis of organic and conventionally cultivated Meyer lemons (Citrus meyeri Tan.) during refrigerated storage
- Issues Associated With the Case Report Entitled “Hypertensive Urgency Associated With Xenadrine EFX Use”
- Effects of passion fruit (Passiflora edulis) byproduct intake in antioxidant status of Wistar rats tissues
- Questionable Conclusions in the Article “Cardiovascular Toxicity of Citrus aurantium in Exercised Rats”
- Safety, Efficacy and Metabolism of Traditional Medicinal Plants in the Management of Obesity: A Review
- A novel molecularly imprinted polymer of the specific ionic liquid monomer for selective separation of synephrine from methanol-water media.
- Synthesis and Evaluation of Uniformly Sized Synephrine-Imprinted Microparticles Prepared by Precipitation Polymerization
- p-Synephrine: a novel agonist for neuromedin U2 receptor.
- Effects of Citrus aurantium (Bitter Orange) Fruit Extracts and p-Synephrine on Metabolic Fluxes in the Rat Liver
- A 60day double-blind, placebo-controlled safety study involving Citrus aurantium (bitter orange) extract.
- Oral herbal therapies for treating osteoarthritis
- p-Synephrine stimulates glucose consumption via AMPK in L6 skeletal muscle cells.
- Problems with Citrus aurantium Information in “A Review on Botanical Species and Chemical Compounds with Appetite Suppressing Properties for Body Weight Control”
- Citrus aurantium and Rhodiola rosea in combination reduce visceral white adipose tissue and increase hypothalamic norepinephrine in a rat model of diet-induced obesity
- Study of the photocatalytic transformation of synephrine: a biogenic amine relevant in anti-doping analysis
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